. Dielectric Spectrometer

Novocontrol BDS 80 High-Resolution Broadband Dielectric Spectrometer

• Frequency: 3 µHz - 3 GHz
• Accuracy tan < 3e^-5
• Capacity: 1 fF (1e^-15 F) - 1 F
• Impedance: 10 mΩ - 1e¹⁴ Ω
  

The BDS 80 is a top class dielectric spectrometer, which is used for measuring dielectric constant, permitivity and conductivity of liquid, powder and solid as a function of frequency and/or temperature, and relaxation behavior of molecules. It covers wide ranges of frequency (10^-6-10⁹ Hz) and temperature (-200°C - +400°C) that may be appropriate for investigation of the different scales of molecular motions. Among application are polymer science, material research, liquid crystalline polymers, high and low dielectric constant materials for microelectronics, thermosets and thermoplasts, ceramics, bioartificial materials, pharmaceutical systems, etc.

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.        Specimen Preparation Equipment

Bal-TEC 020 HR Sputtering Coater

• Metal sputtering

• Carbon evaporator

Leica Ultracut R Cryo Microtome

• Cutting range: ca. 50 nm to 5 mm

• Glass & diamond knife

Fischione 110 Twin-Jet E-Polisher

• Electrochemistry etching to thin specimens

• Produces thin films to electron transparency

. Particle Characterization. Particle size analyzers provide information on the particle size, size distribution of particles in the solution and structure variation with the change of solvent. Applications: to size virtually any suspension of particles or colloids including paints, pigments, inks, emulsions, polymers, pesticides, ceramic powders, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, etc.

Submicron Particle Size Analyzer: Beckman Coulter N4 Plus

• Sample particle size range: 3 nm- 3 µm
• Sample: liquid suspensions only
• Data:
  (1) Mean particle size and standard deviation in nm;
  (2) Size distribution profile.

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Enhanced Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyzer: Beckman Coulter LS230

• Sample particle size range: 0.04 - 2000 µm (in a single analysis scan)
• Sample dispersion modules: aqueous suspensions and dry powder (0.375 - 2000 µm)
• Data:
  (1) Volume % (wt %), surface area % and number % distribution;
  (2) Complete statistical profile

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. Toxicity Testing System

Microtox 500 Water Purity Monitoring System

It is a toxicity testing system that can be used as a screening tool to test the toxicity of a material by a rapid test (within 30 minutes). Contrary to traditional methods of toxicity testing, which use laboratory animals or fish, the Microtox uses the marine luminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri (formally known as Photobacterium phosphoreum). The instrument has its origins in the fact that any inhibition of normal metabolism, such as caused by toxicity, results in a decreased rate of luminescence. The higher the level of toxicity result in the greater the inhibition of the light production. The test system measures the light output of the luminescent bacteria after they have been exposed to a sample and compares it to the light output of a blank control sample. It responds to a variety of toxicants and chemical agents including metals, pesticides, fungicides, rodenticides, chlorinated solvents, industrial chemicals, etc.
The instrument can be used for testing surface water, drinking water, plant influent-effluent discharge, wastewater, etc.
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. Calorimeter

Parr 1341 Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter

Used for the determination of the heat of combustion of a variety of samples that are combusted with oxygen. Additionally, it is a standard procedure for converting solid and liquid combustible samples into soluble forms ready for chemical analysis. The bomb combustion method is an essential step in standard ASTM methods for determining sulfur and chlorine in coal.
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